Strive to build a world power in science and technology
——Speech at the National Conference on scientific and technological innovation, the conference of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ninth National Congress of the China Association for science and technology
（May 30, 2016）
Fellow academicians, comrades and friends
Today, we are here to hold the National Conference on scientific and technological innovation, the conference of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ninth National Congress of the China Association for science and technology. 4000 delegates gathered together to discuss the national plan for scientific and technological innovation. This is another science and technology event in the history of the Republic.
In January 1956, Comrade Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders as well as more than 1300 leading cadres listened to the report of four academic department directors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the development of science and technology at home and abroad in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai. The Party Central Committee issued a call to the whole Party and the whole country to "march towards science". In the following 10 years, with the joint efforts of all parties, China has established a scientific research system, industrial technology system, national defense science and technology system and local science and technology system with complete disciplines, and achieved a number of major scientific and technological achievements marked by "two bombs and one satellite".
In 1978, the Party Central Committee held a national science conference, at which Comrade Deng Xiaoping made an important conclusion that science and technology are productive forces, and China ushered in the "spring of science". In 1995, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council held a national conference on science and technology. Comrade Jiang Zemin delivered an important speech calling for the vigorous implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, forming an upsurge in the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. In 2006, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council convened the national science and technology conference again. Comrade Hu Jintao delivered an important speech, deployed and implemented the outline of the national medium and long term science and technology development plan (2006-2020), and mobilized the whole Party and society to strive for building an innovative country. In 2012, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council held a national conference on scientific and technological innovation, calling on China's scientific and technological circles to strive for innovation and provide strong scientific and technological support for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.
Today, we are here to hold this grand event, which is to place scientific and technological innovation in a more important position at the new historical starting point of China's development and sound the horn of building a world scientific and technological power.
The goal of China's modernization drive is to build a higher-level well-off society benefiting more than 1 billion people by the 100th year of the founding of our party, basically realize modernization by the 100th year of the founding of new China, and build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country. The outline of the national innovation driven development strategy issued by the CPC Central Committee this year clearly states that the goal of China's scientific and technological development is to make China an innovative country by 2020, to make China one of the leading innovative countries by 2030, and to make China a world scientific and technological power by the 100th year after the founding of new China.
Academicians of the two academies and the majority of scientific and technological workers are the wealth of the country, the pride of the people and the glory of the nation. Everyone has a great responsibility and mission. We should strive to make new and greater contributions to building an innovative country and a world power in science and technology!
Fellow academicians, comrades and friends!
Historical experience shows that the scientific and technological revolution can always profoundly change the world development pattern. 16. The scientific revolution in the 17th century marked a major turning point in the growth of human knowledge. In the 18th century, there were major inventions such as the steam engine, which achieved the first industrial revolution and opened the process of modernization of human society. In the 19th century, the rapid development of science and technology gave birth to the second industrial revolution from mechanization to electrification. In the early 20th century, the birth of quantum theory and relativity formed the second scientific revolution, followed by changes in Information Science and life science. Major technological breakthroughs based on new scientific knowledge emerged one after another, triggering a technological revolution with aviation, electronic technology, nuclear energy, aerospace, computer and Internet as milestones, which greatly improved human's ability to understand and use nature and the level of social productivity. Seizing the rare opportunity of the scientific and technological revolution, some countries have achieved rapid enhancement of economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength and comprehensive national strength.
In the process of civilization development lasting more than 5000 years, the Chinese nation has created world-famous scientific and technological achievements. Our ancestors formed a systematic knowledge system in agriculture, medicine, heaven and calculation, and achieved a great creation represented by the four great inventions. Marx said: "gunpowder, compass and printing - these are the three great inventions that herald the arrival of bourgeois society. Gunpowder smashed the knight class, the compass opened the world market and established colonies, and printing has become a tool of Protestantism, a means of scientific revival in general, and the most powerful lever to create the necessary premise for spiritual development."
Since modern times, due to various reasons at home and abroad, China has repeatedly missed the scientific and technological revolution and changed from a world power to a semi colonial and semi feudal country bullied by others. Our nation has experienced the deep suffering of aggression by great powers, incessant war, social unrest and people's displacement for more than a century. In that era when the country was poor and weak, many people with the ideals of saving the country through science and education had no way to serve the country, leaving a deep regret.
After unremitting efforts since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's scientific and technological development has made great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, the overall ability of science and technology has been continuously improved, some important fields have ranked among the world's advanced ranks, and some cutting-edge directions have begun to enter the parallel and leading stage. It is in an important period from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap and point breakthrough to system ability improvement.
Achievements such as multi complex variable function theory, terrestrial oil formation theory, synthetic bovine insulin, basic scientific breakthroughs such as high temperature superconductivity, neutrino physics, quantum anomalous Hall effect, nanotechnology, stem cell research, early tumor diagnosis markers, human genome sequencing, "two bombs and one satellite", super hybrid rice, Chinese character Laser Phototypesetting, high-performance computer, Three Gorges project, manned spaceflight, lunar exploration project, mobile communication Quantum communication, Beidou navigation, manned deep diving, high-speed railway, aircraft carrier and other engineering and technological achievements have laid an important foundation for China to become a big country with world influence. On the whole, China has achieved the strategic goal of "occupying a place" put forward by Comrade Deng Xiaoping in the main scientific and technological fields and directions, and is in a critical period of leapfrog development.
Now, we are closer to achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, and we are more confident and capable of achieving this goal than at any time in history. We should seize this historical opportunity and keep in mind that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation cannot be achieved easily. If science and technology prospers, the nation prospers, and if science and technology is strong, the country is strong. To achieve the "two centenary" goals and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, face the world's scientific and technological frontier, the main economic battlefield and major national needs, accelerate scientific and technological innovation in various fields and grasp the first opportunity of global scientific and technological competition. This is our starting point for building a world power in science and technology.
Fellow academicians, comrades and friends!
Throughout the history of human development, innovation has always been an important force for the development of a country and a nation, and has always been an important force to promote the progress of human society. No innovation, no slow innovation. If we don't recognize, adapt and seek change, we may fall into strategic passivity, Miss development opportunities and even miss a whole era. Implementing the innovation driven development strategy is an inevitable choice to deal with the changes in the development environment, grasp the development autonomy and improve the core competitiveness. It is an inevitable choice to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development and solve the deep-seated contradictions and problems of economic development. It is an inevitable choice to better lead the new normal of China's economic development and maintain the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy.
Science and technology is a sharp weapon of the country. The country depends on it to be strong, enterprises rely on it to win, and people's life depends on it to be good. If China wants to be strong and the life of the Chinese people is better, it must have strong science and technology. The new era, new situation and new tasks require us to have new ideas, new designs and new strategies in scientific and technological innovation. We should thoroughly implement the new development concept, the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, the innovation driven development strategy, make overall planning, strengthen organization and optimize the overall layout of the development of China's science and technology undertakings.
First, consolidate the scientific and technological foundation and rank among the world leaders in important scientific and technological fields. To promote the development of science and technology, we must accurately judge the direction of scientific and technological breakthroughs. If you judge correctly, you can seize the opportunity. "Although there is wisdom, it is better to take advantage of the situation." Historical experience shows that those countries that seize the opportunity of scientific and technological revolution and move towards modernization are countries with strong scientific foundation; Those countries that seize the opportunity of the scientific and technological revolution to become world powers are among the leading countries in important scientific and technological fields.
According to comprehensive judgment, China has become a major scientific and technological country with important influence, and scientific and technological innovation plays an increasingly important role in supporting and leading economic and social development. At the same time, it must be recognized that, compared with the goal of building a world power in science and technology, China's development still faces major scientific and technological bottlenecks, the pattern of core technology controlled by others in key fields has not fundamentally changed, the scientific and technological foundation is still weak, and there is still a big gap in scientific and technological innovation ability, especially original ability.
Science and technology are world-wide and contemporary. To develop science and technology, we must have a global vision and grasp the pulse of the times. In today's world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution is poised to take off. The original breakthroughs in some major scientific issues such as material structure, cosmic evolution, the origin of life and the essence of consciousness are opening up new frontiers and new directions. Some major disruptive technological innovations are creating new industries and new business forms. Information technology, biotechnology, manufacturing technology, new material technology and new energy technology have widely penetrated into almost all fields, driving green, intelligent Major technological changes characterized by ubiquity, the integration of new generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and mobile Internet with robotics and intelligent manufacturing technology has accelerated, the chain of scientific and technological innovation has become smarter, the technology renewal and achievement transformation have become faster, and the industrial upgrading has been accelerated, so that social production and consumption have changed from industrialization to automation and intelligence, and social productivity will be greatly improved again, Labor productivity will leap again.
To grasp scientific and technological innovation, we can't wait and see, we can't follow suit, and we should have the momentum to seize the day. Time waits for no man. We must enhance our sense of urgency, establish development strategies in time and comprehensively enhance our ability of independent innovation. China's scientific and technological circles should strengthen their confidence in innovation and their ambition to be the first in the world, work hard on originality and uniqueness, dare to challenge the most cutting-edge scientific problems, put forward more original theories and make more original discoveries, strive to achieve leapfrog development in important scientific and technological fields, keep up with or even lead the new direction of world scientific and technological development, and grasp the strategic initiative of a new round of global scientific and technological competition.
Second, strengthen the strategic orientation and solve the scientific and technological problems of innovation and development. The strategic orientation of scientific and technological innovation is very important, so we must grasp it accurately, so as to drive the breakthrough of scientific and technological problems. At present, the national demand for strategic scientific and technological support is more urgent than ever before. Here, let me give a few examples. Theoretically, the available metallogenic space inside the earth is distributed from the surface to 10000 meters underground. At present, the exploration and mining depth of the world's advanced level has reached 2500 meters to 4000 meters, while most of China is less than 500 meters. Marching into the deep part of the earth is a strategic scientific and technological problem that we must solve. Materials are the foundation of the manufacturing industry. At present, there is a big gap in the R & D and production of advanced high-end materials in China, and the independent supply of key high-end materials is far from being realized. The vast majority of China's important patented drug markets are occupied by foreign companies. High-end medical equipment mainly depends on imports, which has become one of the main reasons for the high cost of seeing a doctor. The R & D of innovative drugs mainly reflects the frontier new achievements and breakthroughs in the field of life science and Biotechnology, and the R & D of advanced medical equipment reflects the interdisciplinary integration and system integration. The study of brain connectivity map is the scientific frontier to recognize brain function and then explore the essence of consciousness. This exploration is not only of great scientific significance, but also plays a guiding role in the prevention and treatment of brain diseases and the development of intelligent technology. The deep sea contains treasures that are far from being recognized and developed on earth, but to obtain these treasures, we must master key technologies in deep-sea entry, deep-sea exploration and deep-sea development. Space technology has profoundly changed mankind's understanding of the universe and provided an important driving force for the progress of human society. At the same time, there are still many unknown mysteries to be explored in the vast sky. We must promote the all-round development of space science, space technology and space applications. There are many such areas. The Party Central Committee has determined the long-term strategy of China's science and technology for 2030, and decided to implement a number of major science and technology projects and projects. We should accelerate the promotion, focus on the major strategic needs of the country, strive to break through key core technologies, and seize the commanding height of Science and technology strategy related to the long-term and overall situation.
To become a world power in science and technology and a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world, we must have a number of world-class scientific research institutions, research universities and innovative enterprises, and be able to continuously emerge a number of major original scientific achievements. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to set up a number of national laboratories in major innovation fields. This is a measure of strategic significance for China's scientific and technological innovation. We should take the construction of national laboratories as the starting point, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological force, establish a new operation mechanism of goal orientation, performance management, collaborative research, openness and sharing, take the tackling of major scientific and technological tasks and national large-scale scientific and technological infrastructure as the main line, rely on the most advantageous innovation units, and establish a new operation mechanism of goal orientation, performance management, collaborative research and open sharing in major fields with clear national objectives and urgent strategic needs, Build a breakthrough, leading and platform integrated national laboratory. Such a national laboratory should become a strategic scientific and technological force to overcome difficulties and lead development, and form a new pattern of collaborative innovation with complementary functions and benign interaction with other scientific research institutions, universities and enterprise R & D institutions.
Third, strengthen the supply of science and technology and serve the main battlefield of economic and social development. "Poor reason so that they know, but bow back to practice it." Scientific research should not only pursue knowledge and truth, but also serve economic and social development and the broad masses of the people. The majority of scientific and technological workers should write their papers on the land of the motherland and apply scientific and technological achievements to the great cause of modernization.
After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's total economy has ranked second in the world. At the same time, many areas of China's economic development are large but not strong and large but not excellent. Under the new situation, for a long time, the way of mainly relying on the input of resources, capital, labor and other factors to support economic growth and scale expansion is unsustainable. China's development is facing the heavy task of power transformation, mode transformation and structural adjustment. At present, the driving force formed by China's low-cost resources and factor investment is significantly weakened, and we need to rely on more and better scientific and technological innovation to inject new impetus into economic development; Social development faces many challenges, such as population aging, poverty eradication and ensuring people's health. We need to rely on more and better scientific and technological innovation to achieve coordinated economic and social development; The development of ecological civilization is facing increasingly severe environmental pollution. We need to rely on more and better scientific and technological innovation to build a beautiful China with blue sky, green earth and clear water; Energy security, food security, network security, ecological security, biological security, national defense security and other risk pressures are increasing. We need to rely on more and better scientific and technological innovation to ensure national security. Therefore, scientific and technological innovation is the core. If we grasp scientific and technological innovation, we will grasp the bull nose that affects the overall development of our country.
To promote the sustained and healthy development of China's economy and society, promote the supply side structural reform, and implement the task of "three going, one reducing and one compensating", we must make a fundamental change in the endogenous driving force and vitality of development, and shape a leading development that relies more on innovation driven and gives more play to its first mover advantage. We should deeply study and solve the scientific and technological problems urgently needed for economic and industrial development, promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promote the leap of industries and products to the middle and high-end of the value chain around the needs of promoting mode transformation, adjusting structure, building a modern industrial system, cultivating strategic emerging industries and developing modern service industry.
Uncoordinated development is a long-standing prominent problem in China, which is mainly reflected in the relationship between regions, urban and rural areas, economy and society, material and spiritual civilization, economic construction and national defense construction. We should be based on scientific and technological innovation, release the driving force driven by innovation, and make innovation become development
